Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021)

Employees are deemed to be happy when there is job satisfaction, job security and work- life balance. This study used quantitative approach. The foremost aims of the study were to assess the employees’ happiness in terms of time use in business colleges of Bhutan and to find out the difference between employees’ happiness in terms of time use for public and private business colleges of Bhutan. This study has adopted the time use dimension from GNH of Business which consists of working hours, work pressure, flexi-time, work-life balance, adequate break and sleeping hours. Using census survey method, all 141 academics from GCBS and RTC were enumerated. The study found that overall employee’s happiness in terms of time use is 67.34% where employees of GCBS are happier (73.52%) than employees of RTC (60.82%).

Every organization prefers highly productive human resources which are directly revealed through performance and behaviour at work. Competency is the inner characteristics that control performance and behaviour. This study is aimed at analysing the right set of competencies of faculty, followed by evaluation and gap analyses. The evaluation and gap analyses are used for training needs identification followed by recommendations of the right sets of training and development programmes. The data is collected from 46 teachers of GCBS using a self-designed questionnaire following a census survey. SPSS 21 is used for data analysis. The results revealed that the level of GCBS faculty in each factor of behavioural competency is reported above average while the highest mean is reported in communication and interpersonal skills. In functional competency, the highest level is reported for punctuality and time management followed by teaching-learning effectiveness while the above-average score is reported for factors – quality awareness, academic administration, student development and information technology leverage. The level for research and publication, and industry interaction is reported below average. The College Research Committee is suggested to organize workshop/seminar/webinar on research and publication for different subjects and or specialization of faculty. The college recommended providing access to online research papers from international level publishers. In addition, it is suggested to improve the industry interaction of faculty along with students on a regular interval of time to ensure active participation and involve faculty in consultancy projects.

This paper aims at studying the perception of employees on the identified attributes associated with female leadership in government and corporate sectors in Bhutan. It was assessed with the help of variables which are closely associated with the attributes of female leadership such as affection, efficiency and collaboration. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the research data and to find the perception difference between male and female employees about female leadership respectively. The research results indicate employees’ perception about female leaders to be slightly more affectionate and efficient. However, they are perceived to be less collaborative across both government and corporate sectors. When compared to males, female employees rated female leadership significantly higher across all three attributes. A higher degree of perception is observed if the immediate supervisor whom employees report to is a female, and vice versa. The inferences drawn from the study may not be generalized to the whole nation as the data was collected only from government and corporate organizations. Also, given the nature of the study, the instances of social desirability bias may have occurred and the honest response might have been compromised. The outcome of this study demands educational interventions and awareness programs across organizations to eliminate the glass ceiling effect so that more females take part in leadership positions. This study could provide some key insights to the female leaders, both in-the-system and aspiring, to understand their stand and challenges in their pursuit to take up leadership roles both in and across the country. This research adds to the limited number of gender-based leadership studies in the country and therefore it could also be useful for concerned researchers, academicians and policy makers as an information input in their respective disciplines.

Entrepreneurs' characteristics have a major impact on their inclination towards new start- ups/entrepreneurship. This study attempted to assess the impact of entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial inclination and if students and existing entrepreneurs differ in terms of their characteristics. Six entrepreneurial characteristics were examined by researchers: the need for achievement, locus of control, propensity to take risks, tolerance for ambiguity, innovativeness, and self-confidence. A total of 352 students from the colleges of Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) and 35 established Bhutanese entrepreneurs participated in the study using an online structured questionnaire through Google Form with a quantitative research design. The results were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and an independent sample t-test. The results showed that all six characteristics are positively correlated with entrepreneurial inclination in both students and established entrepreneurs, and these characteristics (predictors) also had a statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial inclination shown by regression analysis. The results also showed that there is a significant difference in mean values between the two study groups, i.e. established entrepreneurs and students, on Tolerance for Ambiguity, innovativeness, and Self-Confidence, where established entrepreneurs have higher of these characteristics compared to students. The key recommendations of the study are capacity building of the students and guidance from the educators in the area of entrepreneurial characteristics in which students are lacking by introducing Business incubation centers on the campus.

The study examined the impact of organizational politics on employee satisfaction. Data was collected from 99 employees through a survey questionnaire with Gedu College of Business Studies as the case. Employees in general perceived significant the prevalence of organizational politics. However, employees older than 50 years of age had a significantly lower perception of prevalence of organizational politics. A significant positive correlation between organizational politics and employee satisfaction was found. Thus, it is recommended that the management take up some interventive measures like providing higher degree of autonomy while simultaneously ensuring clear rules and procedures are in place. Another important strategy for mitigating the negative impact of organizational politics on employee satisfaction is through fostering an organizational environment of trust and social support both from the leaders and the co-workers.

This study aimed to assess the salesmanship qualities of retail enterprises based on the customer's perception. In this survey-based perceptual study, 383 customers participated giving their views on the salesmanship qualities of the retail enterprises in Thimphu. Four qualities of salesmanship were evaluated: sales personality, knowledge of the goods, knowledge of the customers and their buying motives and services. The results indicated that 47.14% of the customers felt that the salespersons of the retail enterprises in Thimphu lack the most competent salesmanship qualities. There is a need for developing training centres and offering tailor-made courses to the salespersons focusing on their ethical practices and qualities that a competent salesperson is expected to possess.